Building-wall.



No. 7|0,830. Patented Oct. 7, |902. A. G. ZIMMERMANN &. J. P. DUERH.

BUILDING WALL.

(Application isd Nov. 4, 1901.) (lo Model.) 2 She'ais-Sheei I.

I 7.2-zvenz/LS Z afm/e666* 6.1 n g F2116 /nmfwann l' on/ P Doer-r' gm. SAMUJ, @am

No. 7|0,830. Patented Dct. '7, |902.

A. E. ZIMMERMANN &. J. P. DUERB.

BUILDING WALL.

- (Applioitiun mad m13, 1901.) (lo lpdel.) 2 Shasta-Shout 2.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ALBERT G. ZIMMERMANN AND JOHN I. DOERR, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

BUILDING-WALL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N o. 710,830, dated October 7, 1902.

Application filed November 4, 1901. Serial No. 81,085. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom, t may concern:

Be it known that we, ALBERT G. ZIMMER- MANN and JOHN P. DOERR, citizens of the United States, residing in the city of Chicago, county of Cook, and State of Illinois, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Building-lValls, of which the following` is a specication.

Our invention relates to building-walls composed of blocks of tile or other material held in place by means of studding; and the objects of our invention are, first, to impart stiffness and rigidity for resisting lateral pressure; second, to provide means whereby the wall may be erected in vertical strips or sections and each section may have rigidity independent of the adjoining sections; third, to provide a construction wherein the studs serve to support the horizontal main beams or stringers of the building, and, fourth, to provide a construction wherein the studs may be protected from exposure to fire and at the same time afford means whereto the chairrails, bases, finish, and trim may be nailed. XVe attain these objects by the construction illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a top sectional view of a wall embodying ourinvention,showing the method of employing solid wooden studs. Fig. 2 isa view in perspective of the wall shown in Fig. 1, parts being broken away to show the positions of the studs in the wall. The present figure is not intended to illustrate the process of construction, as in the preferred construction a vertical column of blocks is completed to the extreme height before the next stud and column of blocks is begun to be put in place. Fig. 3 is a perspective'view of a preferred form of block. Fig. 4 is a general perspective view of a partition-wall, showing also the main beams of the building and illustrating the process of construction of the wall. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a builtnp stud adapted for use inour form of wall. Figs. 6 and 7 are end views of modified forms of studs. Fig. 8 is a view illustrating a slightly -different form of stud from that shown in the other views.

Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

Referring to Figs. l, 2, and 3, c represents blocks of macholite, brick, tile, terra-blanca, or other suitable material, which have recesses l) at their extremities for receiving the studs c. In the construction shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 the said studs are composed of wood having dimensions, for example, two inches by four inches. Said studs are placed obliquely in the wall, so that merely the two opposite edges come tothe surface ofthe wall. The remaining edges ofthe studs enter into the extremities of the blocks, and said rccesses are therefore 'formed on a recntrant right angle. It will be noticed that the sides of this rentrant right angle are of unequal lengths, so as to bring the apex of the angular recess b to one side of the center line of the block c, the said recesses b being reversed at the opposite ends of the block a. The result of this construction is that whenthe blocks a vare laid up in the wall a rectangular opening is formed by the meeting recessed ends of the blocks c, the. length of which may be equal to or greater than the thickness of the blocks. By this construction the ordinary two-by-fou r ljoists may be readily used in a wall ofl comparative thinness, and the edges of the blocks a come together atthe surface of the wall, so as to completely cover the studs, and yet at the same time the said studs approach nearly enough to the wall-surface to receive and hold nails forattachingchair-rails, bases, and other trimmings, thereby rendering the wall fireproof and eliminating the necessity of wallplugs for securing the said chair-rails and bases. This is important, for Wall-plugs frequently crack and break the blocks, and in the case of wooden plugs the Yshrinkage frequently causes them to become loose in the Wall, which objections do not apply to our construction.

Other advantages will be seen by referring to Fig. 4, in which a-wall is shown in process of construction. The columns d and c are supported on the lower floor-beamsfand support the upper floor-beams g. The panel or section 'l is first formed by placing the blocks a one upon the other adjacent to the column d until the topmost block comes to the upper floor-beam g. The first stud c' is then placed so as to engage the blocks in said panel or section Z and serves to hold said blocks rigidly in place. By wedging up IOC siid stud it also serves as an auxiliary support for the beam g. After the first panel or section is thus formed the blocks in the second panel are put in position and placed one upon the other until the upper beam g is again reached, after which another stud c2 is placed in position in the manner described. A third column of blocks is then formed, and so on to completion.

It will be noted that the wall is built in vertical panels or sections and that each section is complete in itself before the next section is commenced. This enables the stud to be placed in position last, and therefore said stud is half exposed, so that the builder can gain access thereto to wed ge the same securely into position. As a result the wall is not only rigid, but forms a support for the beams above.- By our construction there may be erected a single panel, which will have rigidity independently of other panels. Again, as the studs are continuous and secured to both upper and lower beams the blocks of a panel do not necessarily reach completely from the lower to the upper beam; but spaces may be left for windows or other purposes without weakening the panel, for the reason that each block is secured at its extremities to the studs.

In Figs. 5 and 6 there is shown a built-up metallic stud h, composed of two angle-pieces riveted together at their flanges 7.' i. By preference the rivets have a pitch sufficiently great to permit the metal of the stud to spring far enough apart to receive and retain nails, whereby the chair-rails, finish, and trim may be secured.

The form of stud shown in Fig. 7 is analogous to the form shown in Fig. 6; but the angles h zinstead of being secured directly together, so as to make contact one with another, are riveted to the center plates j j,

which strengthens the construction of the` stud. In this latter form of stud the nails are driven between said center plates.

It is desirable that lips o 0 be formed at the edges of the anges t', plates j, and plates k for facilitating the entrance of the nails elnployed in securing the finishing parts.v y

The recesses in the blocks and the studs are so correlated as to converge from the center toward the surface of the wall-that is to say, the edges merely of the studs approach the wall-surface-Which not only protects the stud, but facilitates the entrance of the nails thereinto, especially in the case of wooden studs. This will be evident by referring to Fig. l of the drawings, in which it may be seen that the diagonal measurement of the stud extends lengthwise of the wall, and it is obvious that the diagonal is greater than a measurement taken between the two opposite faces of the stud. Therefore when a nail is driven into the wall near the ends of the blocks a the fact that the stud diverges inwardly increases the chances of the nail entering somewhere into the stud.

Still another feature of our form of construction lies in the increased resistance of the blocks to breakage. After the blocks have been set in the wall and the studs fixed in place in order to break out of place the blocks would have to be fractured from the surface thereof to the apex of the recess, which is approximately half-way between the surfaces of the block. Therefore a portion extending approximately to the center of the block would have to be broken out before the block could become dislodged, and until such portion were removed the block would remain in place with its original firmness and solidity.

What we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. A building-block for walls having angular recesses in its ends the sides of which are of unequal lengths so as to bring the apex of each angular recess on one side of the center line of the block,said recesses being placed in reversed relation to each other at the opposite ends of the block; whereby the said blocks when laid up in a wall will receive locking-studs having divergent surfaces oblique to the wall-surface and of unequal lengths. A

2. In a building wall or partition, the combination with a series of superposed blocks having reentrant angular recesses in their ends, of locking-studs formed of angle-plates having divergent surfaces oblique to the plane of the wall-surface, said studs presenting spring-riveted flanges at the wall-surface to receive and retain nails.

3. In a building wall or partition, the combination with a series of superposed blocks having rentrant angular recesses in their ends, of locking-studs formed of angle-plates having divergent surfaces oblique to the plane of the wall-surface, said studs presenting spring-riveted lianges at the wall-surface to receive and retain nails, said flanges having outwardly-flaring lips to direct the nails.

4. In a building wall or partition, the combination with a series of superposed blocks having rentrant angular recesses in their ends, of locking-studs formed of angle-plates having divergent surfaces oblique to the plane of the wall-surface, and center plates between said angle-plates, said center and. angle plates presenting outwardly flaring spring-riveted flanges to the wall-surface to receive and hold nails.

5. In a building wall or partition, the combination with a series of superposed blocks having recesses in their ends, of locking-studs formed of spring-riveted plates entering said recesses, said plates presenting outwardlyflaring lips at the wall-surface to receive and hold nails.

ALBERT G. ZIMMERMANN. JOHN P. DOERR. Vitnesses:

ARTHUR M. Cox, SADIE WOLF.

IOO

IIO 

